Unit+3+Organic

Homework for Friday Oct 18, 2013
Please read through and highlight or make your own notes on the first 20 slides of the powerpoint below. Bring your notes with you to class so you can add to them.

I need you to do this so I can quickly go over it and then we can spend time working on problems together.


 * Lesson Date: Monday, October 21, 2013**
 * Lesson Name : Organic Compounds and Alkanes**
 * by Saiharan Prabaharan**

Steps in Naming Organic Compounds that contain carbon single bonds (Alkanes)
 * Summary**:
 * There are 3 ways to draw organic compounds :
 * 1) Structural Diagram - shows all bonds in molecule (Do no have to mention the H's)
 * 2) Condensed Structure - no bonds but all atoms are showin in sequence (but put bonds between C's in for cyclos)
 * 3) Line Diagram - carbon atoms are implied by the vertices and in the strcuture. H's are not shown but any other atoms are written.
 * all single C-C bonds belong to the organic family Alkanes
 * The name of the hydrocarbon that only contain C-C bonds end with "ane"
 * General Formula : Cn+ H (2n+2) where "n" is the number of carbons in the chain
 * Remember the prefix for the number of carbon atoms in the chain
 * 1 carbon -> meth
 * 2 carbons -> eth and so on
 * 1) Identify the longest carbon chain
 * 2) Number the carbons from the end that gives the lowest sum for the numbers of the branches
 * 3) Name each branch and indicate its location with a number.
 * Examples of Branches
 * If a branch consists of 1 carbon and it is located on the 2nd Carbon on carbon chain, the name of the branch will be : 2-methyl.
 * If a branch consists of 3 carbons and if 2 carbons are attached to the remaining carbon, it is considered an isoproply.
 * 1) List the branches in alpha order before the prefix for the number of carbon atoms.
 * 2) If there is more than 1 of the same branch Greek prefixes are used to indicate this but the prefix is not counted in determining alpha order

Example


 * # of carbons in longest chain - 9 Therefore the prefix to be used for the number of carbon atoms is non.
 * The ending will be an "ane" because this is an alkane.
 * We should count the number of carbons from the left side because it will give the lowest sum for the numbers of the branches.
 * As you can see, the each branches are labelled according to its location and how many carbon atoms are involved.
 * If there is a branch that involves an atom other than Carbon, write the first four letters of the element and add an "O" to the ending.
 * The name :
 * 4-bromo-5,6-diethly-2,3-dimethlynonane.

Video that explain naming alkane organic compounds: Khan Academy [] Practice : [] []

Homework: Complete Layer A of the ISU

// By: Elyssa Phillips //
 * Lesson Date: **// Tuesday, October 22, 2013 //
 * Lesson Name: ** Work Period


 * What happened:**
 * Work period on Layers A & B for the back side of the points ISU sheet.
 * Signed interim reports were also collected if listed as 'satisfactory'.
 * There was a supply.

Homework:

 * Continue to research and complete Layer A of the ISU
 * Check the class wiki page to sign up for Remind101

==


 * Lesson Date: Thursday, October 24th, 2013**
 * Lesson: Alkyenes and Alcohols**
 * by Saiharan Prabaharan**

Links: How to Name Alkynes [] How to name Alcholol []
 * Summary:**
 * Remember the order when naming organic compounds
 * **Branches (in alpha order), # of C Bonds (alpha order) , Functional Groups (alpha order)**
 * There are three different types of butyls :
 * Cylcobutyl : The four carbons attached form a ring
 * T-Butyl : The four carbons attached make a T shape
 * N- butyl : The first carbon is attached to the longest chain.
 * S- butyl: The second carbon is attached the longest chain.
 * If more than one butyl appear in the compound, use aplha order of the prefixes of the buytls.
 * Alkynes
 * contain at least 1 triple C bond.
 * when naming us the suffix "yne"
 * the rule of naming alkynes compounds requires the same steps as naming alkane groups but this time the ending should be "yne"
 * Example
 * [[image:pic2.jpg width="467" height="352"]]
 * Alcohol
 * contain hydroxyl group (-OH)
 * Alcohols can be classified by the position of the OH group
 * Primary : The -OH is at the end of the chain
 * Secondary : The -OH is attached to a C with one H
 * Tertiary - The -OH is attached to a C with no H's.
 * The suffix for alcohol is "ol"

Summary
- Double bonds prevent the rotation of atoms around the bond axis which creates 2 different molecules. - In the "cis" form of the molecule, the groups attached to the double bond are on the same side of the double bond. - In the "trans" form of the molecule the groups are attached on the different sides of the double bond. - cis and trans goes with the bond, NOT THE GROUPS ATTACHED !
 * Today we went over geometric isomers. The note consisted of:

Here are two examples:


 * Ex. 1)**




 * Ex.2) **



https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jUpNL2hnqE
 * Here is a video on geometric isomers ("cis-trans")**

Homework

 * Complete the hydro carbon worksheet
 * Continue to work on your ISU (layer A) which is due __**Friday November 1st, 2013**__


 * Lesson Date: Monday, October 28th, 2013 **
 * Lesson: Aldehydes, Ketone and Carboxylic Acids **
 * by Harrish Suhumar **

__** Summary: **__ ** - ** For aldehydes and ketones remember to use the longest chain containing carbonyl when naming ** __Aldehydes__ ** - Contains a C=O carbonyl that is attached to the end carbon   - To name remove the "e" and add "al" to the end of the parent   - Number substituents by using numbers that provide the lowest sum   - Only number C=O if it is not one carbon 1   **__Ketones__**   - Contains a C=O carbonyl that is not attached to the end carbon- To name remove the "e" and add "one" to the end of the parent- Indicate number of carbonyl using the lowest coefficient- Number substituents by using numbers that provide the lowest sum**__Carboxylic Acid__** - Contain O=C-OH (carboxyl)-Use longest chain with carboxyl and then remove the "e" and add "oic acid" to the end of the parent- Only use numbers for the carboxyl if its not on carbon 1- "oic acid" is always last in the name **__Links__** Examples and Naming of Aldehydes and Ketones [] Examples and Naming of Carboxylic Acids []

- Worksheet except for questions not learned yet - Layer A research and write up
 * __Homework__**

Lesson: Aromatics
Elyssa Phillips

Summary

 * Organic Family derived from benzene (C6H6)
 * Consists of 6-member Carbon ring with 3 double Carbon bonds.
 * Benzene is a planar molecule
 * C-C bonds are all same length and energy - not all true double/single bonds
 * C-C in benzene are all 139 pm which is intermediate between the length of a carbon single and carbon double bond.
 * electrons that make up the double bonds are delocalized (shared)
 * Benzene can be written as:

Naming Rules

 * 1) If there are 2 groups attached to the benzene ring, there are set prefixes used instead of the regular numbers:
 * 1,2 = ortho (o) -- 1,3 = meta (m) -- 1,4 = para (p)


 * 1) When benzene is **NOT** the main chain:
 * phenyl is used to indicated that benzene is a branch and not the main chain.

Extras:
Video to watch about naming aromatics, benzene and phenyl, with examples. To further clarify about benzene and naming.

Homework:
Finish all sheets.

___

Lesson: Peroxides
Harrish Suhumar

Summary

 * Contain the R - O - O - R' functional group
 * Are very unstable and break down to form the ether and oxygen gas

**Naming Rules**
 * 1) List "yl" forms of hydrocarbons in alphabetic order
 * 2) End with the word "peroxide"

Links:
[] - Info about peroxides

Homework:
Practice questions Layer A and B due on Friday Nov 9

Saiharan Prabaharan
 * Lesson Date: October 31, 2013**


 * What We Did In Class:**
 * **We worked on in class assignment which based on what we learned in organic chemistry so far.**
 * **If not completed, we will have time to work on it tomorrow**


 * Links**
 * Here are some practice online quizzes to prepare us for the quiz on Friday**
 * []
 * []
 * []


 * Reminder:**
 * **Quiz on naming and drawing organic compounds is on Monday November 4, 2013**
 * **Quiz will include everything up to and including today.**
 * **What we will learn tomorrow will not be on the quiz**
 * **Layer A and B due on Friday November 9 2013**


 * Lesson Date:** Friday, November 1, 2013
 * Lesson Name :** Amides and Amines
 * By:** Kayshani Kanagarajah

In today's class we were introduced to amines and amides. We had been taught how to identify, name and draw these structures. Steps are provided in the notes below:


 * Summary of** **Amines**// **:** //
 * Contain the amino functional group
 * Types of Amines (3):
 * Primary Amine: Has one carbon chain (2 hydrogens on the N)
 * Secondary Amine : Has 2 carbon chain (1 hydrogen on the N)
 * Tertiary Amine: Has 3 carbon chain (No hydrogens on the N)


 * Naming Rules for Amines:**


 * 1) Identify the longest carbon chain and use as the base name
 * 2) List all the other alkyl chains attached to the nitrogen (N) in alpha order, by placing a N before each alkyl chain. (This will indicate that those chains are attached to the nitrogen and not to the main chain). These are put out front before the prefix for the number of carbons.
 * 3) After naming the alkyl's attached to the N, indicate which carbon the amino group is positioned on the main chain after the base name and before the term 'amine'.
 * 4) Drop the 'e' on the base name and add amine.
 * 5) Any other branches go in alpha order after the amino.


 * Example:** //(//// Image on right is a standard structure of an amine) //


 * Summary of Amides:**
 * Contain the amide linkage
 * Structurally similar to esters
 * This linkage joins amino acids together to create polypetides.


 * Naming Rules for Amides:**
 * //The name has two parts. When attempting to name an amide imagine a line down inbetween the carbonyl and nitrogen. (Refer to image on left below)//
 * 1) To identify the base name, count the number carbons on the chain attached to the cabonyl as the prefix. (Make sure to also include the carbon attached to the double bonded oxygen)
 * 2) Remove the 'e' and add amide.
 * 3) Indicate any groups attached to the nitrogen with a N infront of each one, all the way up front of the name.


 * Example:**

@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4RnVvFXcHM The video above will take you step by step on how to name amides and amines, the different types of amines and how to draw them.
 * Additional Helpful Resources to Understand Amides and Amines:**

Complete practice worksheet titled "AMINES AND AMIDES" //Worksheet:// http://sch4uking.wikispaces.com/file/view/AMINES%20AND%20AMIDES.pdf/464880158/AMINES%20AND%20AMIDES.pdf
 * Homework:**

//Answers:// http://sch4uking.wikispaces.com/file/view/AMINES%20AND%20AMIDES%20answers.pdf/464917944/AMINES%20AND%20AMIDES%20answers.pdf _ __ Lesson Date: November 5 2013 __ __ Lesson: Combustion and Substitution __ __Harrish Suhumar__

Combustion __
 * Summary: **

//Complete Combustion// // Incomplete Combustion //
 * All organic families will undergo combustion
 * // Organic + O2(g) -> CO2(g) + H2O(g) //**
 * //Organic + O2(g) -> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + CO(g) + C(s)//**
 * //- For amines and amides also produces NO2(g)//**

__Substitution__ __Alkanes__ //With: halogens// // Catalyst: UV light // // Produces: haloalkane + hydrogen halide // // Alkanes only participate in substitution and combustion //
 * Atom or group on chain is replaced by another (switched)

__Aromatics__ //Aromatics only participate in substitution and combustion// //With Halogens:// //Catalyst: FeBr3 or AlCl3// //Produces: halobenzene + hydrogen halide//

//With Alkyl Halide:// //Catalyst: AlCl3// //Produces: alkyl benzene + hydrogen halide//

//With Nitric Acid:// //Catalyst: H2SO4(aq)// //Produces: nitrobenzene + water//

__Alcohol__ //With: hydrogen halide// //Catalyst: ZnCl2 (Lucas Reagent)// //Produces: alkyl halide + water//
 * Reaction is a qualitative test to distinguish between primary and secondary alcohol
 * Tertiary Alcohol -> turns cloudy immediately
 * Secondary Alcohol -> turns cloudy after 5 minutes
 * Primary Alcohol -> takes much longer than 5 minutes to turn cloudy

__Ethers__ //With: 2 binary acids// //Catalyst: Heat (triangle)// //Produces: 2 alkyl halides + water//

__Preparing Amines__ //With: alkyl halide// //Catalyst: None// //Produces: amine + hydrogen halide//

Homework: P.104 except 32 Read addition reaction pg 96-98 Reminder: There will be a Quiz about Organic Reactions On November 13th.

[] [] []
 * __Links__**

Lesson Date: November 6 2013 Lesson: Addition and Elimination Reactions Sanarjan Sathiyaseelan

Summary:
 * All addition reactions deal with double bonds or triple bonds.
 * There are 3 different types of addition reactions.
 * The first type of addition reaction is Alkenes, Alkenes are made up of 4 different cases.
 * With Hydrogen.
 * With Halogens
 * With Hydrogen Halide
 * **With Water**
 * ** Reactions dealing with Hydrogen Halide and with Water require using Markovnikov's Rule. Markovnikov's Rule states that the H gets added to the C in the double bond that contains that most H's.
 * The Second type of addition reactions is Alkynes.
 * Alkynes are very simillar to Alkenes. Alkynes require 2 moles of each to fully saturate the triple bond.
 * The third type of addition reaction is Aldehydes and Ketones.
 * __Aldehydes:__
 * Produce a primary alcohol.
 * __Ketones:__
 * Produce a secondary alcohol.
 * There are two main types of Elimination reactions. Alcohols and Alkyl halides.

Examples: Follow The Sheets From Left To Right.

Homework: Read P. 96-101 Do Questions on P.99 and P.102

Extra Help: [] []

Lesson Date: November 7 2013 Lesson: Oxidation, Condensation and Hydrolysis Reactions Sanarjan Sathiyaseelan

Summary:
 * Oxidation reactions deal with the lose of electrons by the carbon atom.
 * There are two main oxidizing agents. The first being dichromate and the second being permanganate.
 * There are three different types of Oxidation reactions.
 * The first is involving alkenes.
 * Oxidizing agents are dichromate and permanganate.
 * Each C in the double bond get a OH creating "diol".
 * Oxidizing agents will change color.
 * Dichromate (orange) ---> Chromium (green)
 * Permanganate (purple) -> Manganese (IV) oxide (brown)
 * The second is involving alcohols.
 * The oxidizing agents are the same as the alkenes oxidizing agent.
 * The oxidizing agents will change to the same colours as above.
 * There are three types of Alcohol.
 * The first is: Primary Alcohol -> aldehyde -> carboxylic acid
 * The second is: Secondary alcohol -> ketone
 * The last is: Tertiary Alcohol -> NO REACTION
 * The third is aldehyde.
 * Aldehydes produce carboxylic acid.
 * Ketones can not be oxidized.
 * There are 4 different oxidizing agents.
 * A) Permanganate: purple to brown in aldehyde, stays purple in ketone.
 * B) Dichromate: orange to green in aldehyde, stays orange in ketone.
 * C) Fehling's Solution: blue to orangish brown precipitate in aldehyde, stays blue in ketone.
 * D) Tollen's Reagent cleat and colourless to black precipitate with a silver mirrored coating in aldehyde, stays clear in ketone.
 * Condensation Reactions: Linking 2 molecules together by removing water.
 * There are two main types of condensation reactions.
 * The first is with Alcohols.
 * with another alcohol: produces ether + water
 * with a carboxylic acid: produces ester + water
 * The second type is Amines.
 * with a carboxylic acid: produces amide + water.
 * Hydrolysis Reaction: Splitting apart of a molecule by adding water.
 * Reversible Esters produce alcohol and carboxylic acid.
 * Reverse steps of condensation.
 * Irreversible Esters produce alcohol + carboxylate ion + metal ion.
 * Are irreversible as they are neutralized and create a salt.
 * Amides produce amine + carboxylic acid.
 * Reverse steps of condensation.

Homework: P.108 #32-42 P. 113 #43-51 Extra Questions: P. 115

Reminder: There will be a Quiz about Organic Reactions On November 13th.

Links: Tollen's Reagent Demo: [] Condensation: [] []


 * Lesson Date:** Friday, November 8, 2013
 * Lesson Name :** N/A
 * By:** Kayshani Kanagarajah

No lesson, as Ms.Wilson was absent. Students were to work on worksheet titled "Organic Reactions Worksheets".


 * Homework:** Complete worksheet.

http://sch4uking.wikispaces.com/file/view/Organic%20Reactions%20Worksheet.pdf/464919356/Organic%20Reactions%20Worksheet.pdf

Lesson Date: Wednesday November 13 2013 By: Sanarjan Sathiyaseelan

We had a quiz today on organic reactions after we finished we got a sheet on Physical Properties of Organic Compounds and a lab for tomorrow.

Homework: Make observation table for the lab:

Physical Properties of Organic Compounds Worksheet:


 * Lesson Date:** Friday, November 15, 2013
 * Lesson Name :** N/A
 * By:** Kayshani Kanagarajah

P.A day Students are to either prepare for upcoming unit test, on organic compounds (Tuesday, November 19, 2013) or begin their lab reports (due on Thursday, November 21, 2013)